The Complex Odyssey of Odysseus Essay - 1152 Words

According to both Greek and Homeric values humans should have reason, but very often they express passion, which leads to contradictory emotions and obstacles in life. Odysseus, a man with a complex life, struggles with many internal, personal contradictions that have a collective impact on his decisions throughout his existence. The most important contradictions Odysseus faces are loyalty and betrayal; humility and hubris; and wisdom and folly, Throughout the Odyssey Odysseus faces an internal battle between loyalty and betrayal in the presence of numerous temptations. Odysseus’s first situation was with Kalypso. Although Odysseus does cheat on Penelope with Kalypso, he still remains loyal, and his love for her hardly wanes. Kalypso†¦show more content†¦Odysseus is deceived by Kirke’s beauty and falls for her mysterious ways, but his devotion continues for Penelope. Kirke, deceiving Odysseus with her quick mind, says, â€Å"your cruel wandering is all you think of, / never of joy, after so many blows† (Homer 179). Kirke’s desire for the men and her persistence captured Odysseus’s logic, and he ends up living with her for quite awhile, but thankfully his reason comes back. Odysseus’s odyssey was so complex that even small occurrences like the sirens and the lotus plants make him reconsider his priorities and what is truly important to him and his future. Odysseus has a sense of hubris that leads to adversity and causes him harm, he also has humility; however, the lack of balance between these emotions takes Odysseus through many tough obstacles. When Odysseus tricks Polyphemos, he does it logically, and he uses his mind and reason; however, his hubris comes out when he feels the need to expose his true identity thus leading to his difficulty to return to Ithaka and future problems. Odysseus’s men beg him to stop harassing the beast, but Odysseus has one other plan in mind when he says, â€Å"Kyklops / †¦ Odysseus raider of cities, took your eye: / Laertes’ son, whose home’s on Ithaka!† (Homer 160). This provoking of Polyphemos that Odysseus displays is a cause for the pain Ithaka is going though, as well as personal and direct grieving directed at Odysseus and his immediateShow MoreRelated The Odyssey Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout vast journeys of many heroes, no other hero had a more co mplex journey than Odysseus. This journey is called The Odyssey, written by Homer. It is an epic poem or story told of a hero name Odysseus on a 20-year voyage trying to get back home from the Trojan War. The great epic poem known as The Odyssey and attributed to Homer was probably first written down around the eighth century BC, but the origins of the ancient story in myth, legend, and folklore and art appear to be much older.Read MoreThe Odyssey By Homer, Annotated Bibliography Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pageshe Odyssey, as written by Homer, intricately and excitingly weaves Colin Renfrew’s Subsystem Theories throughout the entire play. Many of the five subsystem theories can be seen and support understanding of the novel. Of the five systems, trade/communication, social/ political hierarchy and symbolic subsystems will be the focus of analysis in this paper. All of these subsystems come together in The Odyssey to explain the characters and their lives, and also how they fi t into the society which theyRead MoreO Brother Where Art Thou Character Analysis1694 Words   |  7 Pages The Coen Brothers’ film, O Brother, Where Art Thou?, is loosely based on Homer’s famous Greek epic, The Odyssey, in that certain features in the film resemble those found in Homer’s epic, but the film still reveals its own sense of originality by making it more relatable to the modern world. While The Odyssey is set in Ancient Greece and O Brother, Where Art Thou? is set in the southern part of the United States during the 1930’s, the works are similar in following a protagonist who encountersRead MoreAnalysis Of Xenia And The Odyssey 889 Words   |  4 PagesHomer: Hospitality in the Illiad and the Odyssey The concept of Xenia was extremely significant in ancient Greek culture. As such, it played a prominent role in the works of authors, most specifically Homer. In fact, some of the most significant information we have about the concept of Xenia, as it relates to cultural norms come from the work of Homer, and the examples of hospitality demonstrated in the protagonist’s journeys in the Iliad and the Odyssey. More specifically, Xenia is presented byRead More Important Role of Women in Homers Odyssey Essay examples1721 Words   |  7 Pages   For the Greeks, Homers Odyssey was much more than just an entertaining tale of gods, monsters, and men, it served as cultural paradigm from which every important role and relationship could be defined.   This book, much more so than its counter part The Iliad, gives an eclectic view of the Acheans peacetime civilization.   Through Odyssey, we gain an understanding of what is proper or improper in relationships between father and son, god and mortal, servant and master, guest and host, and--importantly--manRead MoreOdysseus As The Epic Hero In Homers Odyssey1019 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus as the Epic Hero in Homer’s The Odyssey A style of work often explored in Greek literature is that of the epic. An expansive poem of a wide scope centered on and regarding the wondrous deeds of the main, heroic figure, on whose actions depend the fate of a nation. The definition of an epic can be used to describe The Odyssey by Homer. In The Odyssey we are introduced to our main character, Odysseus, the former king of Ithaca and a Trojan war hero who has been trapped on an Island by theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Odysseus And The Odyssey951 Words   |  4 Pageslives. Humans can, in some ways, reject the attention of the gods. In The Odyssey, Odysseus deals with all three in order to return home. The cause of Odysseus’ decade long journey home from Troy cannot be narrowed down to one entity; instead, it is caused by a complex combination of the gods’ meddling, the fate’s predictions, and humans’ free will. The Fates, gods, and humans in The Odyssey each have a certain role in Odysseus’ problems. In ancient Greece, the Fates are three immortal women who spunRead MoreThe Odyssey : The Epic For Artistic Inspiration1289 Words   |  6 Pagesculture, there are countless allusions and references to Homer’s literary works, specifically, The Odyssey, due to its impact upon readers, capturing their imaginations and inspiring countless works of art, literature, cinematography and music. Within the music world, there are numerous references to The Odyssey made by song writers and performers. Drawing upon the trials and tribulations of Odysseus and other characters within the plot of the epic for artistic inspiration, who serve as referencesRead MoreDivine intervention dealing with Greek myths, especially The Odyssey and The Iliad.1474 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature that tell a great deal about this fiery goddess. This is not a passive goddess. This is an active, involved goddess who, in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, assumes divine leadership and challenges even Zeus himself. In The Odyssey and other Greek myths, Athena is an essential character and contributes many elements of her complex mythological personality to Greek writing. Athena is one of the most important goddesses in Greek mythology. In Roman mythology she became identified with theRead MoreHomer s Odyssey : The Odyssey1236 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus is arguably one of the most admirable classical heroes in all world literary masterpieces. However, although he expresses the commendable traits of manliness, conduct, and intelligence, there are also numerous faults in this round character— most notable being his excessive pride. Many of his praiseworthy qualities also prove to work against him at times, and extend his journey in The Odyssey by several years. Homer constructs Odysseus by attributing both godly and human characteristics

Memoirs Of Hadrian By Marguerite Yourcenar - 1377 Words

Memoirs of Hadrian is a timeless historical novel that describes the life and accomplishments of the great Roman Emperor Hadrian and the impact he had culturally on western civilization. The story is told from Hadrian’s own point of view when he is an old man looking back on his life and is written as a letter to Marcus Aurelious who he had chosen to be his successor as emperor. This book sheds light on the achievements that Hadrian made during his reign while also providing an interesting perspective since the novel is written from a first person point of view. Overall I feel that the author Marguerite Yourcenar did a wonderful job of bringing such an interesting character to life while still remaining factual in regards to the important historical aspects of Hadrian’s reign. The book begins with Hadrian as an old man nearing his deathbed and wanting to give his adopted successor Marcus Aurelious a personal account of his life and reign in order to help prepare him for the role he is going to undertake soon. Hadrian tells Marcus that he was born in Italica and his family was Spanish. His father was a Senator but Hadrian’s family was not one of wealth. His father passes away when Hadrian is only twelve years old and his mother never remarries, remaining a widow the rest of her life. Hadrian goes to Spain to receive his education where he becomes fascinated with the more philosophical subjects, especially anything relating to Greek culture. In the book Hadrian feels that

Diversity Issues in Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Diversity Issues in Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: This assignment takes into consideration a detailed study on managing diversity in human resource management (HRM). This paper mainly includes the issues along with objectives of managing diversity based upon the various practices of human resource management (HRM) in the organization. Organizational behavior has been referred to as an important aspect of HRM. It refers to the study in which the people communicate with one another. Diversity management in organizations has been referred to as the sub topic under organizational behavior (OB). It refers to a interface between humans and organization. Diversity in workforce can be viewed, in many ways that is on the basis of age, sex, gender, religion, ethnicity, region culture. Whereas, the main issue for diversity in every country is different. But, the main type of workforce diversity can be seen in regards to gender inequality which is being faced worldwide especially in India Middle East. Multi culturalism has also been referred to as a pre-dominant diversity pertaining in the Western countries i.e. Australia, New Zealand Europe where large number of people from different cultural backgrounds work together (Chen, 2011). Racial equality is predominant in USA South Africa where discrimination can be seen against blacks ethnic minorities. This paper critically examines the various diversity practices as an important aspect of organizational behavior which can be used by the organizations so as to manage diversity (Dickie Soldan, 2008). With rapid industrialization globalization the significance of workforce diversity has been enhanced. It has been seen that, people from all over the globe come together and work as a team in the organization and therefore diversity in workforce has become an important topic amongst the corporate educational areas. It shall be seen that, proper diversity management strategies shall be adopted amongst the organizations in order to provide a position against workforce discrimination. There has been a detailed debate over certain areas such as equal opportunity (EO) affirmative action. Diversity management not only takes into consideration values but also harnesses differences within the workforce faced by the employees such as cultural background, religious beliefs individual characteristics so that the goals of the organization are met in a most effective and efficient manner. It shall be taken into consideration that, diversity management starts internally by creating an atmosphere as well as practicing equality amongst the workforce (Wrench, 2007). Diversity Management refers to a study in HRM which helps the organizations to overcome various workforce issues as well as take into consideration the inequalities on the following basis i.e. race, gender class. Diversity management in the organization also takes into consideration the individual differences in order to maximize their potential EEO. It shall be seen that, there are range of objectives which the organization wishes to achieve with the help of effective HR diversity management (Dickie Soldan, 2008). Some of the objectives are employee retention, creativity, employee flexibility and better marketing capabilities. With the help of diversity management, the diverse teams will aim at achieving greater innovation creativity which will help the organization to outperform homogenous teams. According to Robbins Judge, 2007, the benefits of diversity management will help in practicing equality, absenteeism attracting the best workforce/ highly qualified employees. There are various diversity management practices which are followed by the organizations so as to attract, direct maintain human resource within the enterprise. It shall be seen that, the role of HR in the organization has increased substantially. It covers the entire management process of the organization. Recruitment selection refers to the first diversity management practice which is followed by the employees and managers to provide an equal chance for any person to enter a particular organization. It has been seen that, many organizations have been recruiting women and people from the minority/ lower middle class so as to attract the new customers (Robbins Judge, 2013). Some of the big corporates i.e. IBM, Xerox JC Penney are working towards increased work force diversity. Alcoa recruits as well as retains high caliber people to increase the creativeness of its employees. Based upon a survey conducted by Allen, Dawson, Wheatley White 2004, 400 employees were questioned from various Australian companies so as to practice more than 15 diversity practices. It was seen that, more than 93% of companies were reported with zero level of tolerance due to discrimination within the organization. Before the 1979, amendments i.e. ICA accesses to skilled positions were controlled by well-established white trade unions. In the last 30 years, the weightage of black population as well as other minorities in management has considerably increased. Training and development (TD) refers to the second HRM diversity management practice which is being given importance by the various organizations and its management (Dickie Soldan, 2008). Robbins Judge, 2009 states that , the skilled white labor union denied access of training development (TD) programs for the South African Blacks. It has been seen that, some of the big companies have not been successful in training as well as retaining the women candidates the minority class. Evidences reveal that, training and development (TD) programs are not provided to women staff which leads to barrier in career development for the same. Women are also kept away from informal networks as they might have problems in maintaining relationships with the group (Robbins Judge, 2007). Such incidents prevent the women class not to attain top positions and have an upper hand over the working men. The third diversity practice which is being adopted in the organization is performance appraisal. It has been seen that, majority of the companies such as Westpac, Esso, etc take into account AA EEO in their performance appraisal account. The Australian companies tend to draft as well as implement objectives which are fai r in nature. High levels of discrimination is seen where women get lower ratings from the top officials as compared to their male counter parts (Robbins Judge, 2007). The last diversity management practice which is followed by organizations refers to pay scale of the employee. It has been seen that, inequality in pay leads to dissatisfaction demotivation amongst the employees working in an organization. Based upon the report by Robbins, 2003, it is witnessed that most Australian organizations practice diversity in remuneration. A strong union in the Australian organization has helped and prevented wage discrimination amongst the employees (Dickie Soldan, 2008). Various studies have been implemented in this regards but inequality remains a global problem. To cite an example, in France, disparity between male and female workforce was more than 20%. Inequality in terms of gender ranges from 10% - 50% in the urban companies and 20% - 45% in the rural sectors (Bennington Wein, 2000). According to Allen, Dawson, Wheatley, White2004, there has been high levels of disagreement and lack of consensus amongst the HR managers on the diversity principles. It has been seen that, global organizations shall promote diversity in different forms. There are many authors who have suggested different techniques in order to improve diversity management. Within an organization, effective diversity management requires a culture i.e. cohesiveness, teamwork participation of all the employees. Furthermore, diversity culture emphasizes on the vision, mission and business strategy. Formalization of the organizational behavior (OB) practices within the organization is a vital part of the organization as the number of firings of women workforce is greater than hiring of the same. A critical analysis of the various diversity practices mentioned above i.e. recruitment selection, training development, pay scale and performance management shall be done by each and organization. Such type of analysis will help to overcome unfairness as well as eradicate tokenism. Periodical audits regarding the diversity practices in the organizations shall be performed so as to manage diversity in an effective manner (ACIB, 2000). Hence, it can be concluded that diversity management practices have gained momentum due to high pressures on business as they have become competitive internationally (Storey, 1999). This literature review takes into consideration three main diversity issues. Firstly, the levels of discrimination in the employment are very high. Secondly, HR is restricted to hire by numbers. It has been seen that, people from the lower sections or the minority class are retained for less popular positions and given less opportunity for a better future. Unequal pay is another major HRM diversity issue being faced by the employees. Ineffective diversity management practiced might lead to demotivation of the employees leading to poor organization performance. Hence, diversity management has been referred to as a hot topic and organization behavior has been influenced with variety of decision making concepts. References ACIB (Australian Centre for International Business). (2000). The International Business Case forImmigration and Multicultural Affairs in Cooperation with the Australian Center for International Business. Allen, R., Dawson, G., Wheatley, K., White, C. (2004). Diversity practices: Learning responses for modern organizations.Development And Learning In Organizations,18(6), 13 15. Bennington, L. Wein, R. (2000). Antià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ discrimination legislation in Australia: fair, effective, efficient or irrelevant?.Int J Of Manpower,21(1).172 192. Chen, S. (2011).Diversity management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Dickie, C. Soldan, Z. (2008).Diversity management. Prahran, Vic.: Tilde University Press. Diversity Management, Program for The Practice of Diversity Management. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs in Cooperation with the Australian Center for International Business. Klarsfeld, A. (2010).International handbook on diversity management at work. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Robbins, S. (2003).Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Robbins, S. Judge, T. (2007).Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Robbins, S. Judge, T. (2009).Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Robbins, S. Judge, T. (2013).Organizational behavior. Boston: Pearson. Wrench, J. (2007).Diversity management and discrimination. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.

The Effects of Sports on Life

Introduction In today’s world, sports form an integral part of the society’s culture. Participating in sports is an important aspect of child development that has many benefits. Sports improve the health status of participants and foster the development of fundamental skills that are important in facing challenges in life (Ahmadi, 2010, p.43). Other benefits of sports include fostering social co-existence and peace, encouraging community development, financial gains and foster international unity. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Sports on Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sports have made significant contributions in enhancing the implementation of certain policies that are important and that affect the welfare of the society. Healthy human development is a requisite for sustained societal development. Without a healthy population, it is impossible to achieve the goals a nd objectives that stimulate growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain good health in individuals in order to enable them to use their potential to stimulate growth and personal development (Ahmadi, 2010, p.45). Sport is an important tool that has the ability to motivate and empower individuals to achieve their health, economic and social goals. Sports are important in the society because they improve the overall quality life, foster social inclusion and help to eradicate anti-social behaviors in young people. In addition, they improve the health status of individuals and their self-esteem and confidence (Ahmadi, 2010, p.49). Health benefits of sports Research has shown that physical activity contributes in improving the health of individuals who participate in sport activities. Sports help to improve cardiovascular fitness, hence vital in management of body weight. Sports serve several functions that make them beneficial and important to individuals and the s ociety. Sports activities help reduce body fat and build muscles, slow down the aging process, improve body balance and coordination, and minimize risks of injury (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.27). Sport is an effective tool that can be used to pull resources together to fight diseases. Research by the World Health Organization has shown that regular physical activity affords people numerous physical, social, economic and mental health benefits. Sport activities augment strategies that improve diet and counter the widespread use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.29). These drugs have adverse effects on the health of users. Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People experience the benefits of sport in two main ways. First, through direct participation and secondly, through indirect participation as spectators. Sport initiatives that are designed to improve health are beneficial and have an impact at both levels. People who directly participate in sport activities benefit more that those who participate indirectly. Sports play a vital role in averting the adverse effects of chronic diseases on the society (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.31). Research has revealed that the effect of chronic diseases is augmented by physical inactivity and poor eating habits. Participation in sports is one of the ways through which people become active. It is an effective method of staying active because it is enjoyable and individuals benefit greatly. Apart from improving the physical fitness of individuals, sports help to reduce the impact of risk factors that expose individuals to illnesses (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.36). Sports help reduce potential risks of high blood pressure, stress, high cholesterol levels in the body and use of drugs and other harmful substances. In general, participating in sports helps improve general body fitness, he lps individuals relax, helps in management of body weight, and improves body coordination and posture (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.41). Research has shown that sport activities enhance healthy growth and development in children and helps strengthen the heart. A strong, healthy heart reduces the risk of individuals succumbing to heart failure or stroke. In today’s society, the effects of inactivity are evident from the large number of children who are succumbing to obesity (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.42). Children spend a lot of time watching television, playing video games and surfing the internet. This encourages inactive lifestyles that have adverse health consequences. Health practitioners are very concerned and troubled by this modern trend because obese children grow into obese adults. Obese adults are at an increased risk of diabetes, heart diseases and many other chronic diseases that affect people with inadequate immunity against diseases (Sharkey and Gaskil, 2007, p.43). The United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) maintains that engaging in sport activities helps develop active lifestyles that help reduce risks of disease infection. A report by USDHHS in association with the European Heart Network revealed that active individuals are at low risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, colon cancer and hemorrhagic strokes. Social benefits of sports Sports provide individuals with opportunities to integrate into the society and the surroundings in the community. In children, sports provide an opportunity to meet new people, make new friends and improve social skills (Woods, 2011, p.34). Children are thus able to develop self-esteem, confidence and sense of belonging through social interactions. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Sports on Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, sports promote heal thy growth and development in children because they help them develop relationships that are vital in their development process. Through participation in sports, children acquire important skills of teamwork and leadership that are vital in their development and success in life (Woods, 2011, p.38). Sports inculcate values such as hard work, perseverance and discipline. The benefits of participating in sports go beyond the individual level into the community level. Young people interact extensively with other people in their community through participating in sport activities. This not only improves the social disposition of individuals, but also improves the socioeconomic status of the community (Woods, 2011, p.41). Therefore, the participation of young people in sports has both individual and communal benefits. Drug use and abuse is a problem that has affected young people for many years. It is a common occurrence among young people in the modern society. Participation in sport act ivities helps reduce involvement of young people in anti-social behaviors such as drug use and violence (Woods, 2011, p.42). Young people engage in unethical behaviors because of peer pressure and idleness. Sports help eradicate idleness and involvement in unethical activities because it gives young people a chance to be active and constructive. In addition, it gives them an opportunity to learn important values such as discipline and responsibility that help reduce unethical behaviors (Holt, 2008, p.41). Sports contribute significantly in helping people learn how to interact effectively in social situations. They foster social inclusion by bringing people together and helping them establish strong and effective social networks that cultivate a strong sense of belonging (Delaney and Madigan, 2009, p.62). The quality of social relationships determines the health status of individuals to a certain degree. Therefore, it is important for people to participate in sports because physical activity encourages healthy lifestyles. Sports have been used in many communities to eradicate social stigma and segregation that is experienced by minority groups (Holt, 2008, p.46). For example, in most societies, people with disabilities are marginalized because of their physical conditions. Through sports, other community members are able to accept these individuals. They cone to earn that the disability of these people does not translate to inability because they can engage in physical activities too (Delaney and Madigan, 2009, p.66). Sports create an environment that contributes significantly in eradication of negative perceptions and attitudes against certain races, ethnicities or groups of people. Sports enable people to focus on common experiences and traits, and help them ignore the differences that exist between them (Coakley, 2004, p.35). Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is an important aspect of helping people in minority groups improve their sense of belonging and self-esteem. Sports programs that involve participation of people from all social classes foster and develop the concept of belonging. By participating in common sport activities, people break down the socioeconomic barriers that exist among them. Sports serve as an effective tool for communication and social mobilization (Delaney and Madigan, 2009, p.72). The great attraction of sports entertainment has made it an influential tool for communication. Large organizations and companies use professional athletes to convince young people to change their lifestyles in order for them to experience the benefits of being active (Coakley, 2004, p.41). In addition, not-for-profit organizations use professional athletes and sport organizations to gather resources to sponsor health programs such as obesity awareness campaigns. In local communities, sport gatherings give health care practition ers opportunities to educate people on critical health matters. People receive information on the importance of vaccination and the different ways to control and prevent diseases in their community (Coakley, 2004, p.44). Economic benefits of sports Sports have numerous economic benefits both to individuals and to the government. Professional athletes earn a living from sports and are able to support their families. Sports such as basketball, football, tennis and athletics are very lucrative and form a core part of the economy. Sports contribute to the economy significantly. First, they create jobs for people who have interest in the physical education field (Theokas, 2009, p.84). Jobs in the sports sector include coaching, medical therapy, team doctors and instructors. Secondly, when countries host sport functions such as the World Cup or the Olympics, they benefit financially. These events generate income and market the host country internationally (Theokas, 2009, p.84). Thirdly, the government benefits from the taxes paid by professional athletes. Since they earn a lot of money, they pay high taxes, which are used to develop the economy. The cost of treating illness that are caused by inactivity is very high. For example, obesity predisposes people to stroke, diabetes and heart failure, which are very expensive to manage. However, by being active through participation in sports, these conditions and illnesses are avoidable. Sports are effective in reducing these costs because they act as a health promotion tool that helps people live healthy lifestyles (Theokas, 2009, p.85). Consumer expenditure on sport-related merchandise such as clothing and footwear, satellite TV subscriptions, participation in sport clubs through subscriptions and purchase of sport equipment generate income for individuals and organizations. Education benefits of sports Sports have several benefits that lead to improved academic performance. Sports improve performance in school becaus e individuals have high energy levels, improved cognitive functioning and positive values such as discipline and hard work. In addition, people who engage in sports have high self-esteem and confidence, which enable them handle academic work confidently (Shulman and Bowen, 2011, p.92). A research study conducted by Hastie (1998) revealed that students who participate in sports are more skilled and possess strong interpersonal behaviors. These attributes arise from exposure to challenging environments that encourage responsibility and accountability (Hastie, 1998, p.24). In addition, the study found out that students who participate in sports make better and more rational decisions than students who do not participate in sports. Sports give students a chance to make personal decisions without the influence or interference of instructors. This develops the values of accountability and responsibility. Through sports, students are able to develop organizational skills that are useful b oth in the field and in the classroom (Shulman and Bowen, 2011, p.95). Sports inculcate skills such as concentration, hard work, planning and creativity. High self-esteem and confidence is one of the educational benefits of participating in sports. Self-esteem is defined as the quality of a person’s self worth and personal appraisal that is governed and determined by how they view themselves. Self-esteem is an important factor in education that motivates young people to work hard by believing in their ability and potential. Sports help improve self-esteem and confidence because they give individuals opportunities to acquire vital life skills that improve the quality of their lives. In addition, sports help young people to value teamwork (Hastie, 1998, p.26). Improved self-esteem helps students change their way of thinking and as such, face challenges and difficulties confidently. Negative effects of sports Despite their numerous benefits, sports have negative effects too. N egative effects of sports include injuries and poor coaching (France, 2008, p.84). In all sport activities, measures are put in place to avoid injuries. However, risks involved in sports are many and even with safety measures in place, injuries happen. In sports that involve physical contact between players such as football, basketball and rugby, injuries are inevitable. Types of injuries include groin strain, hamstring strain, nose injuries, ankle sprain, concussion and dental damage (France, 2008, p.86). Sports injuries have adverse effects on the athlete, the athlete’s family and the spectators. Some injuries such as concussions and dental damage can cause severe and long-lasting damage to the life of the athlete. Poor coaching can have adverse effects on the behavior, attitudes and motivation of young people. Some coaches and instructors are aggressive, abusive and argumentative. A coach who possesses these qualities instills them in players who express them in their beh aviors (France, 2008, p.86). They become rude and aggressive because when treated with aggression or rudeness by their coach, they respond in a similar manner. These behaviors affect other areas of life such as social interaction and education. Young people become impatient and rude, and it becomes hard for them to establish and maintain relationship. Conclusion In today’s world, sports form an integral part of the society’s culture. Participating in sports is an important aspect of child development and has many benefits. Sports improve the health status of participants and foster the development of fundamental skills that are important in facing different challenges in life. Other benefits of sports include fostering social co-existence and peace, encouraging community development, financial gains and fostering international unity. Sports activities help reduce body fat and help build body mass, slow down the aging process, improve body balance and coordination, an d minimize risks of injury. Sport is an effective tool that can be used to pull resources together to fight diseases. Research by the World Health Organization has shown that regular physical activity affords people numerous physical, social, economic and mental health benefits. The benefits of participating in sports go beyond the individual level into the community domain. Young people interact extensively with other people in their community through participating in sports activities. This not only improves the social disposition of individuals, but also the socioeconomic status of the community. Sports encourage students to develop organizational skills that are useful both in the field and in the classroom. Sports inculcate skills such as concentration, hard work, planning and creativity. Development of high self-esteem and confidence is one of the social benefits of participating in sports. Despite the numerous benefits, sports have negative effects too. Negative effects of sports include injuries and poor coaching. In all sports activities, measures are put in place to avoid injuries. However, risks involved in sports are many and even with safety measures put in place injuries happen. Poor coaching can have adverse effects on the behavior, attitudes and motivation of young people. Some coaches and instructors are aggressive, abusive or argumentative. A coach with these qualities instills them in players and they express these traits in their behaviors. Sports are important in the society because they improve the overall quality life, foster social inclusion and help to eradicate anti-social behaviors in young people. In addition, they improve the health status of individuals thus promoting their well-being. References Ahmadi, H. (2010). Complementary Effects of Sport on Health. New York: Strategic Book Publishing. Coakley, J. (2004). Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies. New York: McGraw Hill. Delaney, T., and Madigan, T. (2009). The Sociolog y of Sports: An Introduction. New York: McFarland. France, R. (2008). Introduction to Physical Education and Sport Science. New York: Cengage Learning. Hastie, P. (1998). Applied Benefits of the Sport Education Model. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 64(9), 24-26. Holt, N. (2008). Positive Youth Development through Sport. New York, NY: Routledge. Sharkey, B., and Gaskil, S. 92007). Fitness and Health. London: Human Kinetics. Shulman, J., and Bowen, W. (2011). The Game of Life: College Sports and Educational Values. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Theokas, C. (2009). Youth Sport Participation: A View of the Issues. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 303-306. Woods, R. (2011). Social Issues in Sport. New York: Human Kinetics. This research paper on The Effects of Sports on Life was written and submitted by user Sydney Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Socrates “most Important Thing Is Not Life But The Good Life“

, the individual beliefs in what’s right and what’s wrong (just and unjust). Now, the problem is should we obey or disobey the laws that we believe is unjust? I feel we should disobey it, in a non-violent fashion. Dr. King stated â€Å"An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself†. (p. 252). Even though, laws are meant to put a social order in life some laws may apply to degrade some individuals or groups, and if a law applies in inferiority then it should be disobeyed. I believe Socrates beliefs in a â€Å"good life† were right and he send was a good example. Socrates questioned society, the gods, and the laws of his civilization and for his questionings he was sentence a death penalty. In the dialogue of Crito, Socrates went on into explaining why he wouldn’t escape from jail. Socrates stated, â€Å"for anyone who destroys the laws could easily be thought to corrupt the young and the ignorant†. (p. 55). He believed that running away would give influence society that he was really an ignorant person and was really corrupting the you... Free Essays on Socrates â€Å"most Important Thing Is Not Life But The Good Lifeâ€Å" Free Essays on Socrates â€Å"most Important Thing Is Not Life But The Good Lifeâ€Å" Socrates argues the (1981) â€Å"most important thing is not life, but the good life† (p. 50). I strongly agree with Socrates statement because I couldn’t live life oppressed forever; I’ll even sacrifice my life for a â€Å"good life† because without a â€Å"good life† it wouldn’t be worth living. Therefore, I believe in a good life as long as you fight it in a non-violent fashion just as the great Marting King Jr, and Gandhi has done. In order to live a â€Å"good life† you have to fight for it even if it means your life. History has shown it, fighting for what you believe in will get you somewhere; look at Marting Luther King Jr and Jesus Christ. To give you a better understanding of what is a â€Å"good life’, â€Å"good life† is what an individual believe what is morally correct; in other words, the individual beliefs in what’s right and what’s wrong (just and unjust). Now, the problem is should we obey or disobey the laws that we believe is unjust? I feel we should disobey it, in a non-violent fashion. Dr. King stated â€Å"An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself†. (p. 252). Even though, laws are meant to put a social order in life some laws may apply to degrade some individuals or groups, and if a law applies in inferiority then it should be disobeyed. I believe Socrates beliefs in a â€Å"good life† were right and he send was a good example. Socrates questioned society, the gods, and the laws of his civilization and for his questionings he was sentence a death penalty. In the dialogue of Crito, Socrates went on into explaining why he wouldn’t escape from jail. Socrates stated, â€Å"for anyone who destroys the laws could easily be thought to corrupt the young and the ignorant†. (p. 55). He believed that running away would give influence society that he was really an ignorant person and was really corrupting the you...

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Ecology

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Ecology Linguistic ecology is the study of languages in relation to one another and to various social factors. Also known as  language ecology or ecolinguistics. This branch of linguistics was pioneered by Professor Einar Haugen in his book The Ecology of Language (Stanford University Press, 1972). Haugen defined language ecology as the study of interactions between any given language and its environment. Examples and Observations The term language ecology, like language family, is a metaphor derived from the study of living beings. The view that one can study languages as one studies the interrelationship of organisms with and within their environments presupposes a number of subsidiary metaphors and assumptions, most notably that languages can be regarded as entities, that they can be located in time and space and that the ecology of languages is at least in part different from that of their speakers. . . .The ecological metaphor in my view is action oriented. It shifts the attention from linguists being players of academic language games to becoming shop stewards for linguistic diversity, and to addressing moral, economic and other non-linguistic issues.(Peter Mà ¼hlhusler, Linguistic Ecology: Language Change and Linguistic Imperialism in the Pacific Region. Routledge, 1996)Language is not an object that can be considered in isolation, and communication does not simply occur by means of sequences of sounds . . . . Language . . . is a social practice within social life, one practice among others, inseparable from its environment. . . .The basic idea is thus that the practices which constitute languages, on the one hand, and their environment, on the other, form an ecolinguistic system, in which languages multiply, interbreed, vary, influence each other mutually, compete or converge. This system is in interrelation with the environment. At every moment language is subject to external stimuli to which it adapts. Regulation, which I will define as the reaction to an external stimulus by an internal change which tends to neutralize its effects, is thus a response to the environment. This response is first and foremost the mere addition of individual responses- variants that, over time, lead to the selection of certain forms, certain characteristics. In other words, there is a selective action of the environment on the evolution of language . . ..(Louis Jean Calvet, Towards an Ecology of Wo rld Languages, translated by Andrew Brown. Polity Press, 2006) The biological analogy may be the most pertinent- linguistic ecology is now a recognized field of study, not just a figure of speech. What dialects are to languages, subspecies are to species. Chainsaws and invaders menace them indiscriminately. . . .What the survival of threatened languages means, perhaps, is the endurance of dozens, hundreds, thousands of subtly different notions of truth. With our astonishing powers of technology, its easy for us in the West to believe we have all the answers. Perhaps we doto the questions, we have asked. But what if some questions elude our capacity to ask? What if certain ideas cannot be fully articulated in our words? There are amazing things about Aboriginal languages, Michael Christie told me when I visited his office at Northern Territory University in Darwin. Their concepts of time and agency, for example. They go right against our ideology of linear time- past, present, and future. I reckon theyd completely revolutionize Western philosophy , if only we knew more about them.(Mark Abley, Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages. Houghton Mifflin, 2003) Also see: CodificationLanguage ChangeLanguage DeathLanguage PlanningLanguage StandardizationLinguistic AnthropologyLinguistic ImperialismLinguistic TypologySociolinguistics

Democracy and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Democracy and Development - Essay Example This paper approves that U.S emerged as the winner of the war that was killing so many people and causing global disruptions. While Germany and Russia were causing havoc to other nations, the U.S went against its isolation policy to involve in the war. The incident marked a fundamental political development of the U.S at a time when it needed it most. Second, the decision enhanced the U.S economic development both locally and overseas. It could influence world affairs and partner with many countries for economic development. At times, leaders need to exercise non-democratic decisions to achieve development either economically or politically. This report makes a conclusion that democracy is a significant political tool that determine nature of governance. Critically, justice advocates for the participation of subjects in matters of political rule and decisions. Most democratic nations indicate a high level of development, but still evidence shows that strict adherence to democratic principles is not suitable for development. Some of the challenges that democratic societies face are the dominance of majority because even minority deserve fair representation. Without democratic leadership, societies witness tyranny of the majority. Some of the non-democratic nations that exhibited good developments include Saudi Arabia, Dubai, Egypt, and Libya. Democracy is necessary for development but only through a critical framework that manages conflicting interest of society members. Otherwise, focused autocratic governments can promote developments better than traditional ones due to the speed of decision-making process.

MIB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MIB - Essay Example Wall-Mart Stores operate as chain discount retail stores spread through all 50 states in the US with the growth based on basic but unique operational principles (Ingram, Yue & Hayagreeva 2010). The industry has expanded to incorporate chain stores, multinational operations and lately, the introduction of e-commerce. With success in other foreign markets like Mexico Wall-Mart has potential to expand to the fast growing Asian market like Malaysia amidst technological and logistic challenges in the industry. This paper considers the potential of expansion into this market by analyzing the company’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and carrying out a PEST analysis of Malaysia. This will be used to examine the potential for expansion into the foreign market and the possible risks that may be faced by expanding into such a market. The analysis bases on the entry mode of foreign market servicing strategy that gives best strategic expansion into foreign market. PEST analysis of M alaysia Political analysis When considering the political system of a nation some of the important elements include the responsiveness of the system to corruption, tribalism (nepotism m), collusion and democracy (if any) and then the overall stability of the government system as noted by Knol (nd). This may include the legislature, judiciary and the executive arms of government. In this case the factors leading to government stability are manifested through the electoral systems, clear separation of powers and the strength of the justice system. The federal constitution monarchy in Malaysia has been able to work out a stable government with reduced political risks manifested (EDC, 2010). The political system has been able to maintain peace with the neighbourhood as well as contain internal conflicts that are a sign of low political risk to foreign investment according to the BBC (2010) and the Encyclopedia of the Nations (2010). As one of the current indicator of business security, political risk manifests in form of internal or border strife, terrorism or other unseen political matters. The Malaysian situation has witnessed internal strife between the major communities in the country (the Malays, the Chinese, and the Indians) that easily cause riots in the country (Knol nd). An example of such a strife is one that resulted from how the word â€Å"Allah† was used hence sparking up nationwide strife in most if not all government system. However, since the worst 1969 strife the communities co-exist easily in spite of the differences in the areas they live in. This means that in hiring labor the company must equally consider job distribution among these communities in terms of type and number of positions to avoid rejection by the locals. In terms of national political governance, the country has established strict immigration controls that may have an implication on foreign traders. Movement into the country may therefore require early arrangements to avo id possible hindrance of movement especially where outsourced employees are of foreign origin. The country is ruled under political monarchial government consisting representation of members from all communities in the country but mainly run by the Malays under the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and other

Mockingjay Written by Suzanne Collins Essay Example for Free

Mockingjay Written by Suzanne Collins Essay B.Mockingjay, written by Suzanne Collins, is the third and final book to the hit series, The Hunger Games. Katniss Everdeen has ventured through the Hunger Games and the third Quarter Quell, and has been rescued by the rebels in District 13 and has been convinced to become â€Å"the Mockingjay,† which happens to be the symbol of the rebellion in Panem. As she takes lead of the rebellion Katniss demands that the leader of the district, President Coin, allow freedom to all Quarter Quell participants, including Peeta who has been manipulated and brain- washed by the Capitol. Katniss also demands that only she has the right to kill President Snow, leader of Panem. Aggravated and annoyed Katniss is kept in the dark from battles and works to create propaganda for the rebellion. Peetas brainwashing deeply effects and disturbs Katniss, but he slowly begins to improve after much treatment and therapy which had included major cake decorating. His friend from his childhood, Delly Cartwright, helps with his recovery by bringing up lost fond memories of their past lives. Not long after Peeta has become well enough to train with Katniss and her propaganda unit, in which they are then sent off on a mission to the Capitol. The rebels gain and convince and gain control of the districts and are able to begin an ambush on the Capitol. A propaganda filming in a safe Capitol neighborhood goes wrong, and Katniss and her team go deeper into the city with the hope of finding and killing President Snow. Many members of Katnisss team are killed, and Katniss is left alone and pushes toward Snow’s mansion, which has supposedly been opened to shelter Capitol children, but is actually intended to trap the kids and use them as human shields for President Snow. As she reaches the mansion, a hover plane with markings of the Capitol drops supply parachutes to the children which then explode, killing many of the children. A medical team ma de up of rebels, which also involves her younger sister Primrose, attempt to care for the wounded children but more parachutes are dropped and kill the rest of the children along with the medics. Katniss more raged than ever is determined to find Snow in order to avenge not only the District’s, but also her sister. After the victory of the rebels it has been decided that a Hunger Games will be held for the children in the Capitol. While recovering from the same explosion that killed her sister, Katniss accidentally runs into President Snow who is under house arrest. Snow tells her that he did not order the assault that killed Prim, saying he would have escaped if he had access to a hover plane. Katniss assumes it was Gale, but as he denies it she cannot help but face her doubt and finally comes up with the conclusion that President Coin had ordered the assault. At Snow’s execution, Katniss becomes aggravated and shoots Coin instead. The watchers of the execution become angry and begin to run around aimlessly stomping on President Snow until he is dead. Katniss is ordered back to District 12 after trying to commit suicide and after many months Peeta comes to join her and they both fall in love again with eachother and with Haymitch’s help write a book about the Hunger Games and tributes to keep their memory. C.Themes: 1.Bravery, a majorly used trait in the novel. Katniss along with the rest of the rebellion must stand up to the Capitol and take back their lives. Katniss must be brave in order to make the rebellion successful and to create a stronger world. 2. Loyalty, is a major themed used in Mockingjay. Katniss shows her loyalty to her family and all her loved ones. She expresses her loyalty to Peeta by showing her hope towards him to get better and wishing for him to become better. 3. Determination, is highly needed to be a character in the entire series of The Hunger Games. Katniss was determined to avenge not only her sister and the rest of her family, but the entire world. All of the districts depended on her as the lead of the rebellion to stop President Snow. D.Katniss was faced with the problem of leading the rebellion against the Capitol. â€Å"Yeah, so this is the deal. I’ll be you Mockingjay.† (Collins 38) Katniss takes up the role as the â€Å"Mockingjay† and becomes the face of the rebellion. Katniss changes from the beginning of not only Mockingjay, but also throughout the entire series of The Hunger Games. Katniss not only has become the face of the rebellion, but she has led all of Panem against the Capitol and had defeated it. â€Å"I’ll tell them how I survive it. I’ll tell them that on bad mornings, it feels impossible to take pleasure in anything because I’m afraid it could be taken away.† (Collins 390) Suzanne Collins used very specific wording to describe the characters and setting in the book Mockingjay. â€Å"My name is Katniss Everdeen. I am seventeen years old. My home is District 12. I was in the Hunger Games. I escaped. The Capitol hates me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Collins 4) Though Collins doesn’t go too much into detail to describe characters or setting she does explain events and characters in an very succinct manner. A major symbol in Mockingjay is the â€Å"Mockingjay.† Katniss represents the Mockingjay, which symbolizes the rebellion against the Capitol. The jabberjay was a bird that was used by the Capitol as spies but was compromised by rebels. The Capitol had realized they were being fed false information by the rebels and were left alone in the wild where they mated with mockingbirds hence the name Mockingjay. â€Å"I take a deep breath. My arms rise slightly as if recalling the black-and-white wings Cinna gave me then come to rest at my sides†¦ â€Å"Im going to be the Mockingjay.† (Collins 31) E.The book Mockingjay was a very entertaining book and was also a part of a very entertaining series. This book was recommended by a family member and the dialogue and the descriptions were captivating. I would recommend this book to anyone who is a fan of the genre and tell them that his series was a great one. The book was very absorbing and seemed to end too fast.

The Destruction of the American Dream in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby

In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main theme is most directly related to the American Dream. The American Dream is based on the idea that any person, no matter who they are, can become successful in life by working hard. The Great Gatsby is about what happened to the American Dream during the 1920's, an era when the dream had been corrupted by the relentless pursuit of wealth. The pursuit of the American Dream is the ultimate cause of the downfall of the main character, Jay Gatsby. Throughout the story, Jay Gatsby avoids telling the truth of his hard, ordinary childhood. He does this to keep his image and to save himself from the embarrassment of being in a state of poverty during his youth. His parents were unsuccessful people who worked on the farm, and because of this Gatsby never really accepted them as his parents. Jay Gatsby?s real name is Jay Gatz and he is from North Dakota. He changed his name to Jay Gatsby when he was seventeen years old, which was the beginning of his version of the American Dream. In all realities Gatsby arose from his Platonic view of himself, the idealistic self-view that a seventeen year old boy has of himself (Fitzgerald 104). Gatsby's embarrassing childhood is a major source of determination in his attempt to achieve the American Dream. It was in the army as a young adult when Gatsby first met Daisy. He initially loved Daisy because of her extraordinary house and because many other men had already been with her. Gatsby fell in love with Daisy, and in turn Daisy fell in love with Gatsby. ?Daisy was the first ?nice? girl that he had ever known?(Fitzgerald 155). Their love was an uneasy one at first for Gatsby to comprehend because he wasn?t rich by any standards and ... ...ramatic affirmation in fictional terms of the American spirit in the midst of an American world that denies the soul (Bewley 46).?Gatsby?s strong desire for wealth and Daisy, (the American Dream), prove to be the greatest reasons for his grave downfall. Works Cited Bewley, Marius. ?Scott Fitzgerald and the Collapse of the American Dream.? Modern Critical Views: F. Scott Fitzgerald. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers,1985: 32-45. Bruccoli, Matthew J., Preface. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1st ed. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print. Mizener, Arthur. ?F.ScottFitzgerald: The Great Gatsby.? The American Novel: From James Fenimore Cooper to William Faulkner. Ed. Wallace Stegner. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1965: 180-191.

Otheloo

Race in Othello Race is one of the most prominent themes in William Shakespearean Othello. The titular character is a black man in a predominantly white society and one of the first black heroes of English literature. At the time the play was written, black people were treated poorly by white people and were referred to as â€Å"moors† as they were considered to be barbaric and brutal Just like the area of the moors in northern England. The main character is one of few exceptions to this as he is a high ranking officer in the Venetian army.However, this does not prevent indirect discrimination Enid his back. The theme of race and racism is displayed using annalistic imagery, allusions to the occult and straight out racist language. It is not only black people discriminated against in the play, women and even different Italian nationalities are discriminated against. At the time of the play this would have been acceptable but in today's society this mind-set is not politically correct. Othello is the plays primary protagonist. However, because he is black he is the subject of a lot of the characters ridicule.At the beginning of the play, Abrogation is angered that his aught, Desman, is about to marry Othello. Interracial marriage would have been frowned upon at the time. Abrogation describes this as â€Å"too true an evil† expressing his anger at it. However the thing that sets Othello apart from the other Moors is his military background. He serves in the Venetian army which makes him superior to other people of his race. His military service leads people to see him as as opposed to other moors. Despite this, he is not spared from the discrimination of other characters.Ago frequently refers to him as â€Å"black Othello†. This singles him out from the others. At that time black would have also been associated with sin and evil, another reason why the moors were looked down upon by others. This imagery of the occult is linked into the contex t of the play. Abrogation makes references to Othello being involved with black magic many times. He believes that because of his exotic origins, Othello has links to Satan and the dark arts and that he used this magic to win over his daughter. â€Å"Against all rules of nature and must be driven to find out practices of cunning hell. Abrogation does not like the idea f having mixed-race grandchildren and uses many absurd excuses as to why his daughter fell for Othello. At the time, races such as black people and Jews were accused of working with the devil using black magic. In reality these were Just stories fabricated from rumor and legend to spread fear into people. Othello is even compared to the devil himself numerous times. At one point, Ago says that Desman will soon grow tired of being married to a moor. He says â€Å"Her eye must be fed and what delight shall she have to look on the devil? † He is comparing Othello o the devil himself.He later goes on to say â€Å" have you not hurt your head? † This may initially seem like an innocent comment but he is actually suggesting that Othello has horns beginning to grow from his forehead. As the play progresses, Othello becomes more paranoid and has evil tendencies. The metaphorical horns growing represent his growing internal evil and the stereotype of moors being evil monsters. Othello himself fears that he will succumb to this evil and says â€Å"a horned man's a monster and a beast. † By the end of the play, Othello has almost become the stereotypical or feared by white people.A violent murderer blinded by vengeance and insanity. This demonic imagery can be closely linked to the beastly imagery in the play. Another racial stereotype towards moors was their supposed annalistic tendencies. They were thought to be a beastly race and along with the previous satanic imagery, there is a lot of beastly imagery as well. Early in the play, Ago says to Abrogation that â€Å"an old black ram i s tipping your white ewe. † He uses the word â€Å"black† to put emphasis Othello race and provoke Abrogation by telling him that that he andDesman are making â€Å"the beast with two backs. † Ago knows that a black man having sex with his daughter will enrage him so he chooses his words carefully to full fill his motives. Later on Ago describes Othello transition into the stereotypical annalistic moor. He says that â€Å"he foams at the mouth and by and by breaks out to savage madness. † This is almost like a savage animal that foams at the mouth and snarls which represents what Othello has become. Towards the end of the play, Othello beats his chest in a similar fashion to a gorilla.This is a prime example of his ruinations from a noble general to the fear that had been pumped into the white population at the time. He is now the physical manifestation of what people think of his kind and is reinforcing the racial stereotype of moors. As you can see, blac k people were perceived as barbaric monsters that practiced black magic at the time the play was written. Although initially he was nothing like this, Othello slowly becomes this image of the typical moor. Racism towards black people is evidently the predominant example of race in the play. However, it is not the only example.Venetians regarded themselves very highly at the time of the play so practically any sort of ‘outsider' was discriminated against. Michael Cassia is a Florentine and at the time, people from Florence were regarded as academics and scholars. This gives Cassia a reputation as such. Ago says that Cassia â€Å"never set a squadron in the field† which makes him out to be meek. He also says that Cassia displays â€Å"mere prattle without practice† meaning that he is all talk without actually acting on his words. The typical stereotype for Florentine at the time was that they were not made for fighting UT for being scholars.However, later in the pl ay Cassia goes on to disprove this stereotype when he gets in a drunken brawl. This display of violence is a contradiction of the Florentine stereotype and makes people see Cassia in a different light for the rest of the play. Women are also frequently discriminated against in the play. There are three female characters in the play and at the end of it all of them have been referred to as a â€Å"where† at least once throughout its course. At the time of the play women were expected to obey and serve their husbands and treat them tit the utmost respect regardless of how they were treated.Emilie and Desman are both beaten by their respective husbands at least once and Bianca is mocked frequently by Cassia. He calls her a â€Å"poor caitiff' and even a â€Å"monkey'. She appears to love him yet he only uses her for his sexual desires. He brags to Ago about how â€Å"she falls thus about (Caddis) neck† and they both laugh at her. Emilie is aware of how women are mistrea ted and is a feminist of sorts amongst the more submissive female characters. She says â€Å"(men) are all but stomachs and we all but food to eat us angrily and when they are full they belch us. This shows she is aware of how men used women at that time and how she opposed it. In reality, the women have the ability to bring the men to their knees. Othello spiral into insanity at the thought of Adhesion's infidelity is a prime example of this. Although they are mistreated and seen as mere objects by most men they have the potential to manipulate men to cater to their every need. Race is evidently an important theme in Othello. At the time, people tended to be slightly narrow-minded or prejudice towards people whom hey perceived as different.Different races or genders are heavily discriminated against by other races or genders using crude metaphors and absurd stereotypes. However, the play seems to contradict these stereotypes. The black character was initially more civil and moral than the others and the women indirectly bring down many of the male characters. It shows how looks can be deceiving and how stereotypes and race can affect our Judgment of people. Even in today's society this can be seen. Othello is a prime example of how Judging people by their race can be wrong. Otheloo Race in Othello Race is one of the most prominent themes in William Shakespearean Othello. The titular character is a black man in a predominantly white society and one of the first black heroes of English literature. At the time the play was written, black people were treated poorly by white people and were referred to as â€Å"moors† as they were considered to be barbaric and brutal Just like the area of the moors in northern England. The main character is one of few exceptions to this as he is a high ranking officer in the Venetian army.However, this does not prevent indirect discrimination Enid his back. The theme of race and racism is displayed using annalistic imagery, allusions to the occult and straight out racist language. It is not only black people discriminated against in the play, women and even different Italian nationalities are discriminated against. At the time of the play this would have been acceptable but in today's society this mind-set is not politically correct. Othello is the plays primary protagonist. However, because he is black he is the subject of a lot of the characters ridicule.At the beginning of the play, Abrogation is angered that his aught, Desman, is about to marry Othello. Interracial marriage would have been frowned upon at the time. Abrogation describes this as â€Å"too true an evil† expressing his anger at it. However the thing that sets Othello apart from the other Moors is his military background. He serves in the Venetian army which makes him superior to other people of his race. His military service leads people to see him as as opposed to other moors. Despite this, he is not spared from the discrimination of other characters.Ago frequently refers to him as â€Å"black Othello†. This singles him out from the others. At that time black would have also been associated with sin and evil, another reason why the moors were looked down upon by others. This imagery of the occult is linked into the contex t of the play. Abrogation makes references to Othello being involved with black magic many times. He believes that because of his exotic origins, Othello has links to Satan and the dark arts and that he used this magic to win over his daughter. â€Å"Against all rules of nature and must be driven to find out practices of cunning hell. Abrogation does not like the idea f having mixed-race grandchildren and uses many absurd excuses as to why his daughter fell for Othello. At the time, races such as black people and Jews were accused of working with the devil using black magic. In reality these were Just stories fabricated from rumor and legend to spread fear into people. Othello is even compared to the devil himself numerous times. At one point, Ago says that Desman will soon grow tired of being married to a moor. He says â€Å"Her eye must be fed and what delight shall she have to look on the devil? † He is comparing Othello o the devil himself.He later goes on to say â€Å" have you not hurt your head? † This may initially seem like an innocent comment but he is actually suggesting that Othello has horns beginning to grow from his forehead. As the play progresses, Othello becomes more paranoid and has evil tendencies. The metaphorical horns growing represent his growing internal evil and the stereotype of moors being evil monsters. Othello himself fears that he will succumb to this evil and says â€Å"a horned man's a monster and a beast. † By the end of the play, Othello has almost become the stereotypical or feared by white people.A violent murderer blinded by vengeance and insanity. This demonic imagery can be closely linked to the beastly imagery in the play. Another racial stereotype towards moors was their supposed annalistic tendencies. They were thought to be a beastly race and along with the previous satanic imagery, there is a lot of beastly imagery as well. Early in the play, Ago says to Abrogation that â€Å"an old black ram i s tipping your white ewe. † He uses the word â€Å"black† to put emphasis Othello race and provoke Abrogation by telling him that that he andDesman are making â€Å"the beast with two backs. † Ago knows that a black man having sex with his daughter will enrage him so he chooses his words carefully to full fill his motives. Later on Ago describes Othello transition into the stereotypical annalistic moor. He says that â€Å"he foams at the mouth and by and by breaks out to savage madness. † This is almost like a savage animal that foams at the mouth and snarls which represents what Othello has become. Towards the end of the play, Othello beats his chest in a similar fashion to a gorilla.This is a prime example of his ruinations from a noble general to the fear that had been pumped into the white population at the time. He is now the physical manifestation of what people think of his kind and is reinforcing the racial stereotype of moors. As you can see, blac k people were perceived as barbaric monsters that practiced black magic at the time the play was written. Although initially he was nothing like this, Othello slowly becomes this image of the typical moor. Racism towards black people is evidently the predominant example of race in the play. However, it is not the only example.Venetians regarded themselves very highly at the time of the play so practically any sort of ‘outsider' was discriminated against. Michael Cassia is a Florentine and at the time, people from Florence were regarded as academics and scholars. This gives Cassia a reputation as such. Ago says that Cassia â€Å"never set a squadron in the field† which makes him out to be meek. He also says that Cassia displays â€Å"mere prattle without practice† meaning that he is all talk without actually acting on his words. The typical stereotype for Florentine at the time was that they were not made for fighting UT for being scholars.However, later in the pl ay Cassia goes on to disprove this stereotype when he gets in a drunken brawl. This display of violence is a contradiction of the Florentine stereotype and makes people see Cassia in a different light for the rest of the play. Women are also frequently discriminated against in the play. There are three female characters in the play and at the end of it all of them have been referred to as a â€Å"where† at least once throughout its course. At the time of the play women were expected to obey and serve their husbands and treat them tit the utmost respect regardless of how they were treated.Emilie and Desman are both beaten by their respective husbands at least once and Bianca is mocked frequently by Cassia. He calls her a â€Å"poor caitiff' and even a â€Å"monkey'. She appears to love him yet he only uses her for his sexual desires. He brags to Ago about how â€Å"she falls thus about (Caddis) neck† and they both laugh at her. Emilie is aware of how women are mistrea ted and is a feminist of sorts amongst the more submissive female characters. She says â€Å"(men) are all but stomachs and we all but food to eat us angrily and when they are full they belch us. This shows she is aware of how men used women at that time and how she opposed it. In reality, the women have the ability to bring the men to their knees. Othello spiral into insanity at the thought of Adhesion's infidelity is a prime example of this. Although they are mistreated and seen as mere objects by most men they have the potential to manipulate men to cater to their every need. Race is evidently an important theme in Othello. At the time, people tended to be slightly narrow-minded or prejudice towards people whom hey perceived as different.Different races or genders are heavily discriminated against by other races or genders using crude metaphors and absurd stereotypes. However, the play seems to contradict these stereotypes. The black character was initially more civil and moral than the others and the women indirectly bring down many of the male characters. It shows how looks can be deceiving and how stereotypes and race can affect our Judgment of people. Even in today's society this can be seen. Othello is a prime example of how Judging people by their race can be wrong.

Civilizations Influence on Asia and Europe Essay

Civilizations Influence on Asia and Europe The break of the European civilization in existence in the 17th century was based upon the change on religious views and motivation for advancement within the culture. The people of Europe looked to other countries where the gain of independence was soon to be sought and perused that dream during these times. With laws of government that became unjustly to the lower class and harsh treatment to the poor and women are only some of the few things that had an influence on the culture during this time. Asia had a development of a new government and social strengths. With the expansion of commercial trade Asia had became a hot commodity making it a resource for all countries that looked to them for trade. Even today we rely on Asia when it comes to trade and development within our economy from transportation to entertainment. The cultural difference of the two was that one was more resourceful than the other. Comparing the two, both were able to expand their trade system and still had a cultural ethic of discrimination towards the lower class and mistreatment towards the women in their cultures. In Europe, reformation was one of the influential factors toward the people of the country. It was one of the most important divisions of the religion we now know as Christianity. Within this movement the Catholic Church was divided into two areas. One is being Protestant, which is one of the four principal traditions within the Christian religion. Its originator, Martin Luther, was the first to lead the Reformation in the year 1517 after the disappointment he carried with the Catholic Church. His purpose for this dramatic change against the Catholic Church was to create doubt amongst the followers of the Catholic Church and to intimidate them into changing their ways. One of where they believed that in order for them to get into heaven they must pay their tithe and offerings to the church. The Protestants believed that the bible is the final source of authority for all of God’s followers, not the church. Some of its denominations are still around in today’s society, which we know them as Lutheran, Methodist, and Baptist. ‘ He thought that the people should not be able to buy their way out of punishment for their sins. ‘ Europe was also going through the phase of mistreatment towards its commoners and lower class citizens. The Aristocrats, seen themselves as people with more worth than those of a common status and seek to treat the lower class with the most disrespect . Women were also seen as an unequal acquaintances and not even allowed to be spoken to as a man. Land â€Å"lords† were the worst when it came to habitual security towards the lower working class because they raised the taxes and abused their laborers believing that physically hurting them would motivate them to work harder. The education system in Europe around this time was also limited to where women were not given the same knowledge as the men. With this unfair treatment the commoners, who were a high status than the serfs, felt that they had no power or say in anything than the aristocrats, even though they were not physically treated like peasants were. With emotional distress like this, it was very common for the commoners, peasants and serfs to fall into many cases of depression and overwhelming distress. With the attitudes of such unequal treatment is what gave the Europeans a motivation to want to branch out into the world and discover new opportunities for trade and even democracy. 7th century Asia consisted of similar attitudes as the Europeans did towards their government and lower class. In Asia the treatment of women was very common and maliciously intended. India and China share almost a similar beginning in their civilization and dynasties. It is believed that civilization in China originated around yellow river in 2700 BCE and all began with dynasties beginning with Shang dynasty which was founded in 1800-1500 BCE. Much of the Chinese philosophies revolve around Confucianism which emphasized on conformity by moral excellence and respect for the elderly and superiors in the society. They believed there would be good governance if people adopted confusion teachings. They worked more towards harmonizing with nature. China’s foundation was solidly founded on Confucian foundation despite the inception of Buddhism. In India, the treatment towards the women was the same. If a woman was to not be able to bare a child for her husband that was something to frown upon. The Indians sold more to the Romans than they bought from them making a lot of wealth from them which lead to the mitigation and collapse of the Mauryan Empire. The Kushans who invaded were later assimilated to the Indian and further adopting the Indian language and intermarried with the royal families of India. Various dynasties fell among them the Maghadha who were conquered by the Andhara. China’s Luoyang’s royal palace was burned, Imperial tombs were looted. The Jin emperor was carried off and forced to become a cupbearer, until Liu Chong had him executed. Among the southerner’s they refused to cooperate with the government at Jiakang. But Jin Yuandi was patient. His regime avoided interfering with the privileges of the south’s elite family, and eventually Jin Yuandi’s regime persuaded the elite to cooperate with it. Across the Silk Road, the Buddhist’s of Northern China remained connected to Central Asia and India, and Buddhism was a conduct for Hellenistic culture from Central Asia. From Buddhism, many Chinese gathered that China was not the only civilized country in the world. They learned respect for India and felt compelled to re-examine the theory that the Chinese emperor was the Son of Heaven and enthroned at the center of the world. In translating Buddhism to Chinese, Taoist words were used. And through mistranslation, Chinese Buddhism acquired a belief that was foreign to Buddhism elsewhere. Buddhism became the favored religion among the chieftains, and more popular among the masses in the north. Buddhism spread through all classes of Chinese, influencing art, thought and daily customs. Tea, which was mostly used by Buddhists, became China’s national drink, and Buddhist’s introduced the Chinese to the wearing of cotton. Buddhism’s great temples influenced Chinese architecture–a counter to Confucianism’s condemnation of complex buildings as an extravagance. In the place of the contempt for which Confucians had held the writing of stories and novels, Buddhism gave this kind of writing new prestige. Across the Silk Road, the Buddhist’s of Northern China remained connected to Central Asia and India, and Buddhism was a conduct for Hellenistic culture from Central Asia. From Buddhism, many Chinese gathered that China was not the only civilized country in the world. They learned respect for India and felt compelled to re-examine the theory that the Chinese emperor was the Son of Heaven and enthroned at the center of the world. In translating Buddhism to Chinese, Taoist words were used. And through mistranslation, Chinese Buddhism acquired a belief that was foreign to Buddhism elsewhere belief in a soul that an imperishable part of one’s humanity. Perishable part of one’s humanity. But conflicts existed between Buddhism and Taoism. The Taoists were devoted to nature while Buddhist’s believed in withdrawal from nature. India advanced with time by giving its citizens freedom to apply their skills in mathematics, art and architecture among other things making them rich and dominant. Hindu religion got a boost from the royalties which saw it regaining ground from Buddhism which had taken root. As this was in the beginning of the development of the countries in Asia, the 17th century changes came from the factors of older culture related ethics and influential social standards. Women in Asia had similar characteristic treatment traits that made them inferior to the men. Women were seeked as pleasure principals and pro-creators, with the idea that they were not to enjoy any aspect of their lives. When the rise of Buddhism and Confucianism began the high standard they carried for living had decreased. In china, the women were seen as less than a man but about a little more than a slave. The ability to have a voice or make a self-made decision was not an option for the Chinese women. Even as children, females were sold in the city for services toward the men, most likely ended up in brothels. The men even controlled their way of managing the lifestyle for their children and house hold. In the country of India, the caste system is what made advancements towards its culture. With this in place many of its people believed that you were born into what ever you became or were at that time. Even if you were seen as intelligent or found a lump sum of money, your destiny is what determines your lifestyle and future (which is ridiculous). The women in this culture was also given mal-treatment and seen as nothing more than a pro-creator and had to be obedient. The Indians believed that the women in their country should be humble and never arrogant or rude. If a wife was to disobey her husband’s instruction, she was sought to be punished physically. The Japanese culture, women were not even allowed to sit, bathe, or stand in the same place as men were. Intimacy was ordered and not a choice for most Japanese women, along with friendship, by their parents. The rules the women had to obey in their culture were that of obedience. The irony of these countries in the Continent of Asia is that the dominant religious views speak on how people should respect each other and all men are created equal. With such transformation and discrimination amongst the classes the Europeans and Asians civilizations were the same in many ways. They both discriminated against the women, which we still had problems with over seas and had a great deal of maltreatment towards people of the lower class. In Europe, the taxes were high on the poor and so was the malicious intent the upper class consciously placed on the poor. In Asia, the same methods were taken into action as the Indians had the caste system. As the government had a fear into the countries, villages developed their own systems to follow. Even as these influences took over the changes made in both cultures was detrimental and beneficial. With the expansion of trade to both countries gave more opportunities for power and wealth. When the Asian became a source for the other world countries, they began to gain more than lose. Since the Europeans looked in the third world countries for spices and silks, all of what was needed; there was still not as much power on their behalf as the Asians. Even today, after the fact that the Europeans had came to America to begin a democracy based economy, the need to network with third world countries still exist. Reference:’ Dennis Sherman, A. Tom Grunfeld, Gerald Markowirz, David Rosner, and Linda Heywood. , (2006) World Civilizations: Sources, Images, and Interpretations (4th Ed. Vol. 1). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

How to Write a Comparative Essay †Be Careful. BestEssay.Education

How to Write a Comparative Essay – Be Careful. How to Write a Comparative Essay – Be Careful Remember those comparison/contrast essays you wrote in high school? Sometimes you wrote ones that only compared two things; sometimes you wrote ones that only contrasted two things; and sometimes you wrote essays that included both comparisons and contrasts. When you are assigned comparative essays in college, however, the terminology of the assignment itself is really important, because there are really two types. You need to be certain that you understand the assignment before you begin to choose a topic and produce an essay. If you are to write just a comparative essay, you will be addressing those things that two or more people, things, events, beliefs, or other ideas have in common. For example, how are the democratic systems in England and India alike? Or, how are Macbeth and Brutus, two characters from to different Shakespearian plays, alike? If you are to write a comparative analysis essay, however, the common definition of such an essay is that you will address both similarities and differences – like the comparison/contrast essay you wrote in high school Understanding the difference between these two types will be your first step in figuring out how to write a comparative essay that will meet the requirements of your instructor’s assignment. Organizing Your Essay If you are only to write an essay on the comparison of people, events, things or ideas, your organizational structure will be pretty basic. Make a list of those similarities, each of which will be addressed in a separate paragraph. If, however, your essay is a comparative analysis, things are a bit more complex, as you must address both similarities and differences. Your best bet in this case is to make two lists – similarities and differences and then to organize your essay by first assigning a paragraph to each of the similarities and then a paragraph to each of the differences. There are other format, of course, but this is really the easiest, and if you just want to get the thing done, choose this format. If, for example, you were to compare Macbeth and Brutus, you would want to address the facts that they were both highly ambitious, that they were both power-hungry to a fault, and that they were both willing to kill to obtain that power. On the other hand, there were differences. Macbeth was a military hero; Brutus was a politician; Macbeth was strongly influenced by his wife’s ambition; Brutus was driven by only his inner drive. So, your essay will have two sections – paragraphs on si milarities followed by paragraphs on differences. Write an Essay that Will Impress If you spend a good amount of time thinking about the things you are to compare and/or compare and contrast, and you prepare your lists well, you should have an easy organizational structure. The rest is in the writing. Be certain that you review and edit that rough draft so that it is really polished by the time you turn it in. Remember, a great essay grade is comprised of both what you say and how you say it.

How-to prepare for a literature review

How-to prepare for a literature review How-to prepare for a literature review Definition of literature review A literature review provides a general idea of the amount of publication on a certain topic that has been written by credible professors and researchers. The literature review can either be an initial step of a research project, a chapter in a thesis or a stand-alone assignment. A literature review comprises: A synopsis of your research topic and precise statement of the objectives of your research A thesis of the main ideas and concepts of your topic A detailed analysis of the resources you find. For instance, you can point out if the topic you are researching on is not supported by scholars or it is controversial in any way. Steps on preparing your literature review Ensure that you understand the topic and the research objective very well. By this, it means you need to know the scope of your literature review. 1. Conduct your research Conduct a thorough research on the topic; alternatively, you can have sort of a plan. A perfect way of doing this is by looking for significant and all-encompassing sources first and then work on them. For topics about sciences and art, beginning with resources that contain an overview of your research topic is a perfect idea. For technical disciplines such as psychology, find out if there are systematic reviews or meta-analysis on the subject you want to research about. For you to see if your review aligns itself with the other aspects you have read, go through the literature review sections of other sources. Lastly, search for more controversial or most recent research on your topic. This kind of information can be extracted from journal articles. 2. Use an extensive variety of resources Depending on journal articles and books alone on your research will not be of much assistance. Your prof will provide the details on their expectations; however, while researching, ensure that you do not miss out important research by just using one type of resource. 3. Evaluating the resources Once you have found the research you will be using, evaluate them. While evaluating, the materials that should be included must provide substantial and reliable information on your topic. Once more, for almost all the literature review, you are not supposed to write about every resource you come across, but only the fundamental discoveries or major assumptions about the topic. 4. Analyze your research For you to provide a comprehensive account of unknown and known things in your literature review, search for the most important points and common themes about your topic. On top of that, you may mention the areas of controversy in the literature. In a situation where your literature review is supposed to include an argument, utilize enough time to look for evidence so that you can support this argument. Write your literature review While writing your literature review, ensure that you are clear on instructions provided in your assignment. Find out what the instructions states, do you prove something or argue. You can organize your literature review in the following ways: By methodology By theme Sequence of importance Various perspective Chronologically is one of the companies that offer excellent dissertation and thesis services in Canada. For more information about dissertation and thesis services do not hesitate to

Coastal engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coastal engineering - Assignment Example This has brought about constant developments and maintenance of the coastal zone to guard against flooding, erosion, and sediment transport. Waves have a major influence on the marine environment and ultimately on the planets climate. Waves travel effortlessly along the waters surface. This is made possible by small movements of the water molecules. The wind blows over the water, changing its surface into ripples and waves. As waves grow in height, the wind pushes them along faster and higher. Waves can become unexpectedly strong and destructive. As waves enter shallow water, they become taller and slow down, eventually breaking on the shore.   Waves have crests (the peak of the wave) and troughs (the lowest point on the wave). The wavelength, or horizontal size of the wave, is determined by the horizontal distance between two crests or two troughs. The vertical size of the wave is determined by the vertical distance between the two. Waves travel in groups called wave trains. Waves vary in size and strength based on wind speed and friction on the water’s. The small wave trains created by a boat’s movement on the water are called wake. High winds and storms can generate large groups of wave trains with enormous energy. Undersea earthquakes or other sharp motions in the seafloor can sometimes generate enormous waves, called tsunamis (inappropriately known as tidal waves) that can devastate entire coastlines. Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves in the open ocean are called swells. In waves, it appears the water is moving forward, but only a small amount of water is actually moving. It is the wave’s energy that is moving and since water is a flexible medium for energy transfer, it looks like the water itself is moving. In the open ocean, the friction moving the waves generates energy within the water. This energy is then passed between water molecules in ripples

Air Service Agreements (Part 1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Air Service Agreements (Part 1) - Essay Example The Chicago Convention of 1944 also created an independent organization, the heir to the International Commission for Air Navigation. The new organization exists and is a key player in international law: the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), based in Montrà ©al (ICAO, 2007). Both the U.S and U.K signed a convention relating to the regulation of aerial navigation which influenced other states like Italy, japan, Brazil, France, Greece and Poland to sign. They modified their domestic laws to reflect the newfound jurisdiction. England was the first off the mark with their air aviation act 1920. In 1958, the U.S adopted its own version of sovereignty called the federal aviation act (Geloso, 2008). Bermuda I led to the agreement between United States and Great Britain on the first two freedoms that is the right to fly over territory of another country and the right to land for essential repairs, refuelling or to escape adverse weather conditions in another country. The United States also agreed that the international air transport association an international body that would set fares subject to the two government’s approval. Bilateral agreement became the model for a series of future bilateral agreements between United States and other countries (Marin,

How HR Professionals Handle the Challenges Essay - 1

How HR Professionals Handle the Challenges - Essay Example Further, it would tell as to how these challenges should be dealt with by the professionals. It would take into view the Atkinson model of Job Flexibility and would tell as to what the professionals should do to provide the workers of the firm with a better working environment. The title of this paper is â€Å"The Challenges faced by the HR professionals when creating a better environment†. Flexibility in an organization refers to the provision of such principles and rules which provide its employees with an environment where they can easily balance their work and personal commitments like education, social activities, family relations, professional advancement and other leisure activities. The application of flexibility in the business depends on "securing lower labor costs, tighter manning levels, higher machine utilization, greater staff mobility and few interruptions and bottlenecks in production" (Blyton 1992, p.301 cited in Sheridan, Conway 2001 pp. 8). To understand the concept of flexibility Atkinson's model of flexibility is very useful and of paramount importance. He explains four kinds of flexibility, which firms may achieve, namely functional flexibility, numerical flexibility, pay flexibility and distancing flexibility. Functional flexibility is identified as a qualitative approach to work and talks about managements ability to organize and reorganize particular segments of the labor force on a broad variety of tasks in reply to market demand when needed (Sparrow 1998 cited in Teicher & Holland 2006 p. 241-242). The workers are given proper training in a broad number of skills in order to make its achievement certain. The unpredictable nature of consumer demands of the products makes this type of flexibility to continue in the market.